↑ 589: Unknown Ring Vertical

• Weight: 60 g.
• Overall Length: 70 mm.
• Effective size: 45x18x4 mm.
• No markings.

↑ 590: Unknown Ring Vertical

• Weight: 108 g.
• Overall Length: 140 mm.
• Effective size: 115x19x6 mm.
• No markings.

Marty Karabin tentatively identified these as having been made by Felix Ralling Hammerwerk Fulpmes of the Stubai Valley in Austria. Ralling made pitons in the 1940s-1950s. Most of these were either unmarked or only marked "Made in Austria." Stubai took over production after the Stubai company's formation ca. 1959-1960.

Marty's identification is reasonable, and I agree that these were probably made in the Stubai Valley and quite likely in the Fulpmes area, but I am not confident that these are (or are not) Ralling pitons. Felix Ralling Hammerwerk Fulpmes was not the only piton manufacturer in the region at the time. Werkgenossenschaft der Stubaier Kleineisenindustries – Fulpmes (Cooperative of Stubai Small Iron Industries - Fulpmes) was a co-op of 27 small ironworks in the Fulpmes area that banded together in 1897 to produce tools and other metal products, including mountaineering equipment.

With no markings to specifically identify these pitons as coming from Felix Ralling Hammerwerk Fulpmes, and with so many other credible possibilities,, I'm listing them as unknowns.

↑ Set 242, 131-132: Unknown Universals

• Made in Austria (?) [ca. 1960].
• No manufacturer's markings.

↑ 242: Unknown Universal

• Made in Austria (?) [ca. 1960].
• Weight: 94 g.
• Overall Length: 124 mm.
• Effective size: 80x14x5 mm.
• No manufacturer's markings.
• Original owner was "CLS" was Charles Lewis Spencer of California..

↑ 131: Unknown Universal

• Made in Austria (?) [ca. 1960].
• Weight: 95 g.
• Overall Length: 140 mm.
• Effective size: 100x14x5 mm.
• No markings.
• From Michael Oatney, 2023.

↑ 132: Unknown Universal

• Made in Austria (?) [ca. 1960].
• Weight: 95 g.
• Overall Length: 151 mm.
• Effective size: 110x13x5 mm.
• No markings.
• From Michael Oatney, 2023.

↑ Set 595-596: Unknown Ring Angles

• No markings.
• Probably U.S. Army but it does not match any of the versions in my collection.

↑ 595: Unknown Ring Angle

• Weight: 118 g.
• Overall Length: 143 mm.
• Effective size: 115x15 mm.
• Large 51 mm. OD/39 mm. ID ring.
• Tip is ground, suggesting this piton may have been shortened.
• No markings.
• Ring is much larger than typical 43 mm. OD/30 mm. ID rings on my U.S. Army pitons.

↑ 596: Unknown Ring Angle

• Weight: 118 g.
• Overall Length: 164 mm.
• Effective size: 125x16 mm.
• No markings.
• Probably U.S. Army but without markings I cannot identiffy who made it.